Buchanan is a community rich with history and character located in the picturesque landscape of southwestern Michigan. From its humble beginnings as Native American territory to its development as a thriving township and city, Buchanan’s story spans nearly two centuries of American history. This charming locale, with its preserved historical buildings and natural beauty, offers visitors and residents alike a glimpse into Michigan’s past while embracing its present identity as the “Redbud City.” Let’s explore the fascinating evolution of this historic community.
Early Settlement and Naming
The land now known as Buchanan Township was originally home to the Potawatomie tribe, who maintained a significant presence in Berrien County. The first major land cession affecting the area occurred on September 20, 1828, when territories west of the St. Joseph River were ceded to the United States government, except for a reservation that included what would later become the village of Buchanan. This reservation area wasn’t ceded until 1838, creating varied settlement patterns. Following this final cession, much of the prime land along McCoy Creek was initially designated as seminary land by government commissioners, commanding prices as high as $20 per acre—a steep cost that forced many early settlers to abandon their claims until prices eventually fell to more reasonable rates.
The township received its official organization through an act approved on March 11, 1837, which established “all that portion of the County of Berrien be so much of the Township seven South of range eighteen west, as lies west of the St. Joseph River” as a separate township named Buchanan. The naming honored James Buchanan, who would later become the 15th President of the United States (1857-1861). At the time of organization, approximately 27 families called the area home, forming the foundation of what would grow into a thriving community. Buchanan’s support for Michigan’s bid for statehood had endeared him to local settlers, creating a lasting legacy in the township’s name long before he became president.
Historic Development and Notable Firsts
Buchanan Township held its inaugural meeting on April 7, 1837, at the home of its first supervisor, C. C. Walen, marking the beginning of formal local governance. The community grew steadily, with the first census in 1840 recording 264 residents. That same year, the township’s real estate was valued at $45,000, with personal property assessed at $1,377, totaling $46,377—a modest beginning for what would become a thriving area. Educational foundations were laid early, with the first School District organized on May 12, 1838, receiving its first primary school funding from the state in the modest amount of $32.64, demonstrating the priority placed on education even in those early days.
A significant administrative change occurred in 1929 when the Village and Township divided assets, with the Township receiving only “an old typewriter and election booths.” Following this separation, the Township Board, led by Supervisor J. G. Boyle, conducted meetings in private homes while elections were held in Wagner Grange Hall. The township’s infrastructure developed gradually, with fire protection becoming a priority in 1941 when the Board voted to purchase a fire truck. A cooperative agreement with the City placed the Township-owned truck at the City station for more efficient emergency response. This was followed by significant land purchases in the 1950s and construction projects in the 2000s, including a new fire station and expanded township offices, completed at a cost of $148,875 without increasing taxes—demonstrating the community’s commitment to fiscal responsibility while improving services.
Cultural Heritage and Local Attractions
Buchanan’s striking springtime landscape earned it the nickname “Redbud City” due to the redbud trees that line its streets and roadways. Originally called McCoy Creek after early settler Russell McCoy, who arrived in 1833, the settlement eventually adopted the name Buchanan to honor the Pennsylvania Senator who had championed Michigan’s statehood. This rich history remains visible today, particularly along Front Street, where beautifully restored 19th-century homes stand as a testament to the community’s commitment to historical preservation. The city’s geographical advantage, at a point where the St. Joseph River drops 60 feet, created powerful water surges that once powered 13 mills along the mill race and McCoy’s Creek, driving local industry and economic development during the 19th century.
Among Buchanan’s most valued historical landmarks is the Pears Flour Mill, built in 1857 in the Greek Revival style. As the last surviving mill of the original thirteen, its fully restored water wheel and millstones continue to grind flour and cornmeal, providing visitors with a living demonstration of 19th-century milling technology. The area also boasts natural and cultural attractions, including Bear Cave Resort, featuring Michigan’s only natural cave. This site served as a stopping point on the Underground Railroad during the Civil War. Modern-day Buchanan offers a blend of historical significance and contemporary culture through venues like the Tin Shop Theatre (housed in an 1865 building), the Buchanan Art Center, and Fernwood Botanical Garden and Nature Preserve, while numerous access points to the St. Joseph River and surrounding lakes provide recreational opportunities for fishing, boating, and other outdoor activities.
